ИСТОРИЯ АЛЬГОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ В БАССЕЙНЕ ОБИ И ИРТЫША

Abstract

The article analyzes works devoted to the study of algae in large rivers of Western Siberia from the first publications in the nineteenth century to the present. The research is divided into three stages. The first two periods of research on Siberian rivers were mainly descriptive. Since the mid-90s of the last century, new methods and technologies have been developed. In addition, the goals of the work themselves are increasingly beginning to concentrate not so much on the description of algal flora, but on the use of phytoplankton for bioindication. In addition to the relevance of work on assessing the ecological state of Siberian rivers, studies aimed at re-counting or revising the species composition of algal flora are also very popular at the present stage. This topic has become quite relevant due to the constantly changing systematic positions of many taxa. The work summarizes the literature data, provides an analysis of changes in species composition in the Ob, Irtysh rivers and the Novosibirsk reservoir, and summarizes information on the taxonomic composition taking into account modern taxonomic transformations. The algal flora of the Ob is the richest: a total of 1058 taxa were discovered, dominated by diatoms and green algae. The current state of phytoplankton in large rivers of Western Siberia relative to the data of the last century may indicate the initial stage of eutrophication, provoked by the growing anthropogenic influence on water bodies over time. The most striking changes in phytoplankton are characteristic of the Novosibirsk reservoir, the trophicity of which has increased from oligo-mesotrophic to eutrophic and the water quality has decreased over 59 years of operation as a result of an increase in anthropogenic load in general in the Ob-Irtysh basin and climate change in the region. The ecosystem of the middle reaches of the Irtysh is relatively stable. However, the role of euglena, dinophyte and golden algae in the composition of phytoplankton has increased, which was associated with an increase in organic pollution of the Irtysh.